Aperture

 Aperture is a hole inside a lens, which lets light travel through the camera to meet the sensor.

Large pupil size = large aperture

Small pupil size = smaller aperture

Aperture Diagram - Aperture Part 1 — mommatography

smaller number - bigger iris.

When the aperture is lower,  at around 4, the foreground or background of an image will appear blurry depending on what the focus of the image. Foe example, if you took a photo of a plant plot up close at f/4, the background would be very blurry compared to the plant pot.

When the aperture point is higher, towards the f/20's and 30's, the entire image will be in focus, which allows for more detail in the image.

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